Introduction to ciphers and substitution. Alice and Bob and Carl and Julius: terminology and Caesar Cipher ; The key to the matter: generalizing the Caesar Cipher ; Multiplicative ciphers ; Affine ...

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A unique cipher that uses playing cards and dice to turn languages into glyphs produces text eerily similar to the glyphs in ...

The Voynich manuscript has long been shorthand for the unsolved and the unknowable, a late medieval codex filled with looping ...

1. Introduction -- 2. From Julius Caesar to simple substitution -- 3. Polyalphabetic systems -- 4. Jigsaw ciphers -- 5. Two-letter ciphers -- 6. Codes -- 7. Ciphers for spies -- 8. Producing random ...

In the years following World War I, America was gripped by the fear that the Communist Revolution that had taken place in Russia would spread to the United States. As is often the case when fear ...

Arthur Conan Doyle was born on 22 May 1859 in Edinburgh into a prosperous Irish family. He trained as a doctor, gaining his degree from Edinburgh University in 1881. He worked as a surgeon on a ...

The history of computers began with primitive designs in the early 19th century and went on to change the world during the 20th century. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an ...

A new theory argues the famous Voynich Manuscript, often referred to as “the most mysterious book in the world,” may have ...

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