Pyrrolysine is an important component of methyltransferase enzymes, which the archaea use to metabolize methylamine in the environment. “The need for that metabolism and availability of the machinery ...

The genetic code is the recipe for life, and provides the instructions for how to make proteins, generally using just 20 ...

Decades of research has viewed DNA as a sequence-based instruction manual; yet every cell in the body shares the same genes – so where is the language that writes the memory of cell identities?

On a foggy Saturday morning in 1953, a tall, skinny 24-year-old man fiddled with shapes he had cut out of cardboard. They represented fragments of a DNA molecule, and young James Watson was trying to ...

The language of protein translation contains synonyms. Each three-nucleotide sequence on a strand of messenger RNA is called a codon and corresponds to the instruction to add a particular amino acid ...

DNA coding theory bridges the disciplines of mathematics, computer science and molecular biology by applying advanced algebraic and combinatorial techniques to the design of nucleotide sequences. This ...